South Park episodes available free online

Posted on December 10, 2017December 10, 2017Categories Uncategorized

Thursday, March 27, 2008

Episodes of the Colorado-based cartoon comedy television series South Park have been made available for free via streaming video on the website SouthParkStudios.com. Full-length episodes from the past 12 seasons of South Park can be seen on the site, as well as behind-the-scenes clips and information on upcoming episodes.

After new episodes of the program air on Comedy Central they will be added to the site for one week, but will then be unavailable for the next 30 days before being added to the site’s archives, due to contractual obligations. SouthParkStudios.com was relaunched with free streaming episodes on March 19, and as of Comedy Central’s announcement Tuesday the site had three million hits, two million video plays and one million full-episode streams. 168 of the series’ 169 episodes are currently available on the site.

The site is currently in a beta format and is ad supported, but visitors can watch an unlimited number of episodes. Streaming episodes are uncensored, and each episode will have between three and four advertisements. The website also has news, games, blogs and a feature where users can create South Park avatar characters in their likeness. Fans can also choose from 3,000 episode clips from the show to embed on their blogs or websites. The website was created by WPP agency Schematic, with Toyota and Virgin as launch sponsors.

SouthParkStudios.com launched this past summer with games and other media content, in a deal between South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker where their contract with Comedy Central was extended for three years and the cable television channel agreed to split online ad revenue 50-50. Matt Stone commented on the three-year contract to produce more episodes of the series: “Three more years of South Park will give us the opportunity to offend that many more people … And since Trey and I are in charge of the digital side of South Park, we can offend people on their cellphones, game consoles, and computers too. It’s all very exciting for us.”

We got really sick of having to download our own show illegally all the time, so we gave ourselves a legal alternative.

Parker and Stone released a statement about the website: “We got really sick of having to download our own show illegally all the time, so we gave ourselves a legal alternative.” Parker and Stone don’t think that the move will affect DVD sales of past seasons, because fans will still want to own episodes in a “hard copy” format.

The website is managed by South Park Digital Studios LLC, a joint venture of Parker and Stone and Comedy Central. Anne Garefino, general manager of South Park Digital Studios stated: “One goal in moving forward is to make every episode of South Park available worldwide … Currently, full episodes are not available in the U.K., Australia and a few other foreign territories, but we’re not far off from making that happen. We have some contractual issues to sift through but we’re getting there.”

On the move to make the episodes available for free, Sam Thielman of Variety wrote: “It’s a good time for Parker and Stone to distance themselves from the YouTube community given Comedy Central parent Viacom’s protracted lawsuit against the Web-based video distrib, which features clips from the show.” Viacom is suing YouTube for US$1 billion in damages relating to video clips displayed on the video-sharing website. Richard Menta of MP3 Newswire wrote: “With all their content already out there Stone, Parker and Viacom realized offering South Park episodes online directly is a low risk proposition. They might as well draw some ad revenue from it.”

Ontario Votes 2007: Interview with Green candidate Marion Schaffer, Oakville

Posted on December 10, 2017December 10, 2017Categories Uncategorized

Monday, September 24, 2007

Marion Schaffer is running for the Green Party of Ontario in the Ontario provincial election, in the Oakville riding. Wikinews’ Nick Moreau interviewed her regarding her values, her experience, and her campaign.

Stay tuned for further interviews; every candidate from every party is eligible, and will be contacted. Expect interviews from Liberals, Progressive Conservatives, New Democratic Party members, Ontario Greens, as well as members from the Family Coalition, Freedom, Communist, Libertarian, and Confederation of Regions parties, as well as independents.

Thor Mx: The Best Dirt Bike Gear Available, Shoei Helmets Up To Par

Posted on December 9, 2017January 15, 2019Categories Kitchen Equipment

By Mike McGrath

If you are a riding enthusiast you will love the range of fine Motocross Boots as well as Motocross Apparel that Thor MX has. Their range of Motocross Helmets is also very extensive and every riding enthusiast will love this collection!

Thor MX Helmets

Thor MX has a stunning range of Motocross Helmets that are guaranteed to cater to all tastes and preferences. They have an extensive range of Motorcycle Helmets that cater to kids as well as adults alike. Their range of offroad gear and helmets for adults feature such collections like the Force 07, Force 08 , Adams Helmet, Pro Circuit, Tedesco, Carbon Fiber Motocross Helmets and many other types. These come in vibrant and stunning colors such as blue, red, black, matte red, orange, grey, yellow, green and many others. The kids don’t lose out either in terms of the stunning Motocross Helmets available. Thor MX has some amazing yellow Motocross Helmets especially for the kids who love to ride! So if you love to ride with complementing Motorcycle Accessories then these Motorcycle Helmets will be sure to make heads turn!

Offroad gear

Thor MX also has a veritable collection of fabulous offroad gear like stunning Motocross Boots. These Motocross Boots are available for kids and men alike. For men the stunning range of Motocross Boots includes 50/50 Motocross Boots, quadrant ATV boots, quadrant 07 and 08 Motocross Boots as well as many other variants. As part of their kids collection of offroad gear they have quadrant 05, 07 and 08 Motocross Boots. These Motocross Boots are available in colors of black and white. In addition to Motocross Boots Thor MX also has a fine collection of gloves in terms of its offroad gear collection. The gloves are for kids and come in colors like money green, white, black, navy blue, maroon, red, yellow, burgundy and even interesting colors like charcoal and concrete!

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udIDfLRPdQ0[/youtube]

Offroad Apparel

Thor MX has a fine range of Offroad Apparel that is bound to leave you coming back for more! Their collection features classy backpacks, socks, adult caps, casual Motorcycle Jackets, long sleeved shirts for men, Motorcycle Accessories like decals, offroad gear bags, shirts for kids, rainwear, women’s shirts, pants and shorts as well as sweatshirts for men. They even have many an interesting Motocross Jersey for kids.

Shoei Offroad Gear

If there is one name for high quality in authentic Motocross Accessories and apparel then it is Shoei. Their classic lines cater to men, women as well as kids. Right from men and women’s shirts to men’s caps to a wide range of motocross gear you can expect a wide variety to choose from!

Skateboarding/snowboarding shoes:

Shoei have fine ranges of Motocross Boots meant for high end snowboarding action. Their men’s line of Motorcycle Apparel includes the likes of Griffin SE, Noble, Kalis, Bailiff, Rob Dyrdek, Alias and many others. The soft and yet resilient leather means these Motocross Boots will last many years to come. The thick sole made of rubber protects the shoes from abrasive action. Combining flexibility with superior sole grip these motocross gear will leave you wanting more.

Stylized women’s apparel:

There is no dearth of Motorcycle Jackets or apparel when it comes to Shoei’ women’s line. Their fine collections of Motorcycle Jerseys are meant to flatter all women no matter what size or shape. The cut, designs and colors used are all classy and very chic. Their Motocross Apparel for women include t-shirts, shorts, skirts, tops, denims, pants, fleece and plenty more!

Men and kid’s collections:

Shoei also has a fine range of Motocross Apparel for men and children. Their men’s line includes fine Motocross Accessories such as shoes, shirts, caps and sweatshirts. Their shoes include the command and character shoes, court graffik shoes and many others. The colors of these Motocross Boots come in white, navy, shark green, black pin stripe design, monogram, shoe oak, gum, otter as well as black, dark grey, armor, royal blue etc. You can also find exclusive children’s Motocross Accessories such as shirts, sweatshirts and caps. The range of Motocross Boots for kids includes command as well as court graffik shoes, Drydek shoes, Lynx-HE shoes as well as tag shoes. Each of these Motocross Accessories from Shoei is meant to create a style statement! All of these shoes are extremely lightweight and hence easy on your feet.

About the Author: For an amazing selection of

Thor MX

Gear and

Shoei Helmets

go to

Bobscycle.com

Source:

isnare.com

Permanent Link:

isnare.com/?aid=273073&ca=Sports

Latham quits as Australian Labor leader

Posted on December 9, 2017December 9, 2017Categories Uncategorized

Tuesday, January 18, 2005

AUSTRALIA –Following hospitalisation for pancreatitis and ongoing speculation about his leadership, Mark Latham has resigned from his roles as leader of the Australian Labor Party (ALP) and also the Federal Member for Werriwa. He cited as reasons the media harassment, and a desire to put his family and health first.

Mr Latham became leader of the ALP just over a year ago, on 2 December, 2003, leading the party during the October 2004 federal election. He was hospitalised in the run-up to that election, also for treatment of pancreatitis. Following the defeat of his party, his leadership increasingly came under question.

He fell ill a second time almost simultaneously with last year’s Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. His failure to issue a statement on the tsunami drew criticism from the media and calls for his resignation from within his own party, even after it was revealed that he had been incapacitated at the time.

Mr Latham’s resignation sidesteps the possibility of a leadership challenge by other members of the party and leaves no clear successor.

Oncor, Tds Ps, And Their Complete Inability To Communicate

Posted on December 9, 2017December 9, 2017Categories Electricity Providers

Submitted by: Matt Oberle

Ever since the de-regulation of the electricity market in Texas at the beginning of the century, there has been a lot of confusion at pretty much every single possible turn. Now, keep in mind, every other state in the country has viewed Texas and their transition as the ideal model in establishing their own deregulated electricity markets. The irony of this statement is that while Texas has done a great job of being the only state up to this point to launch a successful competitive electricity market, if you asked many of the residents that live in the deregulated areas of Texas, most of them think that deregulated electricity is a failure, that it is another way for big companies to make a profit on the backs of hard working Texans, and in general many people don t even understand how the marketplace even works.

So why the disparity between the people who live in Texas and the other states looking to do what Texas has done? A big part of the problem is communication. In fact, I would say that the biggest problem with the Texas electricity model period is a lack of communication period, whether it s from the TDSPs (Transmission and Distribution Service Providers) or the REPs( Retail Electricity Providers), and probably even some of the regulatory agencies that oversee things. Did you have any idea what those acronyms meant? Or even what the entities do after I spelled out their full names? Well, if not, then I ve just demonstrated the problem at hand (if you did know, then +1 to you, you get a cookie). The biggest problem here is communication. In short, despite the fact that we ve been operating in this electricity market for almost 10 years now, half of the people still have no idea how it works. After Houston was hit by Hurricane Ike and parts of the city went days or even weeks without power, electricity providers, radio stations, and newspapers were flooded with praise and complaints for X electricity provider for taking Y amount of time to get their lights turned back on. People don t even understand that in this system, the guy they pay every month for electricity has NOTHING to do with getting their lights on back after an outage. That responsibility relies with the TDSP, which are the companies responsible for maintaining the power lines and meter readings. In Dallas, that company is Oncor. In Houston, that company is Centerpoint. Sure, the confusion is understandable since those responsibilities all used to lie with one company (TXU and Reliant in Dallas and Houston respectively) but now there is a company for maintaining the lines (TDSP), and then there is a retail company responsible for selling the electricity (REP). I don t think I m being too demanding when I say that after a decade, this confusion should have been cleared up and the basics of how the market works should be common knowledge. And the unfortunate side effect of all of this is that now the REPs and the TDSPs often end up in a tennis match of blame when a customer has a bad experience, with each party pointing to the other as being responsible for higher bills, or bad customer experiences.

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fbkv5xOLvnA[/youtube]

Some, but all too few REPs, do a great job of communicating with their customers and work hard to try and give open avenues for communication, to answer questions, and generally act as a positive resource for consumres. Most, however, do not. And this attitude permeates most of the different organizations in the Texas electricity space, all the way to the top. I have my theories as to why this attitude exists, but I ll preface it by pointing out that it s just my opinion and is speculation based upon different experiences I ve had personally. I honestly think that part of the communication problem is that all of these very large, formerly government companies, weren t used to having to operate under such public transparency. In my experience, the larger the company, the slower they move, and the more sluggish they react to and adopt change. Well, you take a field where the people may have worked there for 20, 30 years or more, people not used to having to cater and help a customer base. More often than not, many people were used to having it the other way around, with the customer s adjusting to the big incumbent electricity providers because they had little other choice in the matter unless they were ready to go without electricity. It doesn t take much to imagine the people working at Oncor or any of the other TDSPs, who used to be shielded by the public facing portions of the electricity company (in Reliant and TXU) now suddenly having to deal or try to deal with a public that can directly approach them. And these people unaccustomed to that kind of public relations and information sharing who had spent decades used to doing their daily responsibilities in a vacuum are now responsible for explaining a brand new system of deregulated electricity? Personally, I m not surprised things are still so murky for so many people.

Lets take a look at a couple examples of what I mean, including a current issue that s getting a lot of public attention, and that s the smart meters being rolled out in Oncor territory and how they re dealing with public perception. Smart meters are a big deal, and they ve gained a fair amount of publicity in recent months for a few different reasons. One is the potential of the smart meters to allow customers to see their usage in real time and find out new ways to save money on their electricity bills. Another issue is that the meters might be hackable. A third problem, and the problem that is causing the most public backlash, is that many of the people who have gotten the new smart meters installed are reporting huge increases in their electricity bills, almost overnight, as well as saying the meters are spinning faster than their previous analog meters. The response by Oncor? Pretty much only to tell people that they are wrong and everything is working fine, despite the fact people can point to their bills from a month or two ago and see that something, is in fact, not the same. Oncor claims to have studied these instances, and that everything is working properly. However, the public outcry has gotten so bad and so loud, Oncor was forced into hiring a third party to study the smart meters and come to their own determination over whether the meters are working correctly. But other than that, Oncor has been silent.

Now, there s an underlying piece of irony here that not a lot of people are talking about, most people have not even considered, and that Oncor certainly can t come right out and tell people. And again, I don t have any proof of this, but there s certainly another option to consider here. What if these new meters, that are showing higher bills, are actually reading correctly, and the fact that the bills are higher are because the old meters weren t functioning properly? What if Oncor (and formerly TXU before it) have been giving away free electricity to customers for decades and decades? Look at the circumstantial evidence here. A bunch of people who have had low electricity bills for decades get brand new, digital technology smart meters in place of their very old analog meters. And suddenly, their bills shoot up much higher. And this phenomenon has taken place dozens if not hundreds of times in Texas since these new meters have been installed. Do we think it s more likely that the older analog smart meters might have malfunctioned, or that the brand new digital meters Oncor has spent millions on are full or lemons? I ll bet my money that Oncor has been giving away free electricity for decades, and people are just now having to pay for the amount of electricity they ve actually been using. Now, as I sit here and tell Oncor to communicate more effectively and regularly with their customers, the irony comes into play because this is the one thing Oncor can under no circumstances admit to the public. For one, most people might not even believe them, even if it were true. And more importantly, Oncor would essentially be admitting to the public that they ve been negligent and allowed the system to be antiquated, and that by giving away free electricity for decades that the company has basically been completely incompetent. So they have to say nothing on this front, because they can t admit to having been asleep at the wheel for years upon years. So in regards to the Smart Meters, Oncor simply says they re functioning properly and little else.

However, this would be the perfect opportunity for them to be extremely vocal with their customers on another front. I believe now that they have hired a third party to research the meters, they re fine being quiet. However, when those results are released (and I expect them to say that the meters are working correctly), Oncor should be front and center explaining some of the other things that have caused the bill increases, not just recently, but since the market deregulated. Find people who have had the smart meters installed and have no bill problems whatsoever and cite them as examples. Use this opportunity to explain how the entire deregulated system works, do a better job of explaining people s bills, and educate the public about the system so these kinds of questions and misunderstandings can get explained. Open a dialogue with the consumers of Texas, and if there are some legitimate questions, answer them. Look into the cases of the smart meters. Talk about how natural gas prices skyrocketed two summers ago, and as a result, so did the electricity prices. Point out that now that the gas prices are rock bottom, we re seeing electricity prices get much closer to historic levels. Point out that compared to the rest of the US, Texas electricity rates are still below average. Just put information out there for consumers to get to easily. If I had to guess, this smart meter situation is another instance that will end up with customers feeling like they re being taken advantage of and left angry, but there is a genuine opportunity here for the TDSPs to step up and interact positively and communicate with the people to whom they provide electricity. I hope they take advantage of it, and the other TDSPs and more of the close-mouthed REPs are paying attention and follow their lead.

About the Author: Matt Oberle is the manager of Texas Electricity Ratings (

TexasElectricityRatings.com

), a website that allows customers to take part in the deregulated electricity market of Texas. Consumers can submit reviews about their electricity providers as well as shop by price and company ratings.

Source:

isnare.com

Permanent Link:

isnare.com/?aid=515882&ca=Opinions

Imperial College London geology students fined in China for “illegal map-making”

Posted on December 9, 2017December 9, 2017Categories Uncategorized

Monday, January 5, 2009

Three British geology students of Imperial College London have been fined in China for “illegal survey and map-making activities”, according to local media. In addition to making maps, the students were researching fault lines and earthquake activity in Xinjiang — a tense Muslim province to the west of the country where anger against Chinese rule sparked deadly attacks in 2008.

The students were gathering additional data in several regions, including Kashgar, the ancient Silk Road trading post, and an oasis city in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China.

Under Dr. Jian Guo Liu, the students’ supervisor at Imperial College, they also had been in the poor desert village of Keping, where in May local authorities burned the local mosque due to “unlawful religious activities”. Of the three students, two of them, a PhD student aged 23, and a Master of Science student aged 22, went to Aksu Prefecture for their research.

In September, State Security Bureau officials had investigated the students at a hotel for several hours. Thereafter, their equipment, including GPS devices, survey results, and data, were seized. The Aksu Land and Resources Bureau officers claimed they had gathered “illegal data” from 6,000 points which was valuable for mineral prospecting and topographical research.

In the leadup to last year’s summer Olympics in Beijing, China cracked down on map-making and data-collecting across the country. Despite having permission from the Earthquake Administration in the country, the students were fined a combined 20,000 yuan (2,940 dollars) but did not receive additional punishments. “The data they gathered would have been valuable in analysing mineral and topographic features of the areas,” Xinjiang Daily said. They returned to the UK on October 2.

According to The Procuratorial Daily, the Xinjiang prosecutors’ office approved 1,295 arrests of individuals and indicted 1,154 suspects from January to November 2008. The indictments were based on suspicion of “endangering state security.” In 2007, however, only 742 were arrested, while 619 of them were indicted for the same offense.

At least fifteen dead after landslide in Indonesia

Posted on December 9, 2017December 9, 2017Categories Uncategorized

Thursday, February 25, 2010

At least fifteen people have been killed as the result of a landslide which occurred in Indonesia on Tuesday. According to BBC News Online, at least sixteen were killed. It is thought that up to seventy people were killed as a result of the landslide, which occurred in a village near to the city of Bandung.

At one point, villagers attempted to dig out surviving victims from the rocks and mud by using their bare hands, as rescue efforts were suspended temporarily due to heavy rain, before recommencing after lifting equipment arrived. At least sixteen dead bodies have been recovered by Wednesday. Roughly five hundred people are contributing to the search and rescue.

Priyadi Kardono, spokesperson for the Disaster Management Agency, stated: “We’ve found fifteen bodies so far and estimate that there are up to 70 people still missing.” He also commented that fifteen other people had been injured, of which two have been hospitalised.

Highway bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, collapses

Posted on December 9, 2017December 9, 2017Categories Uncategorized

Thursday, August 2, 2007

The Interstate 35W Mississippi River eight-lane bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota has collapsed on both sides of the highway over the Mississippi River during rush hour.

Previous reports indicated at least nine people had died, but Minneapolis police revised this to four during a 7:30 a.m. (local time) press conference. Tim Dolan, the Minneapolis Police Chief later stated that “several [adding to the four] people are confirmed dead at the scene,” but would not elaborate on how many. At least 79 have been injured and at least 8 are still missing, still believed to be in the rubble.

The road was busy with bumper-to-bumper traffic in four lanes when the entire 1907 foot (581 m) steel arch bridge collapsed. At least 50 cars were traveling on the bridge, including a school bus. The Red Cross said that 60 children were aboard a school bus, and that ten of those were admitted to a hospital.

The entire length of the bridge over the river collapsed at 6:05 p.m. CDT (UTC-5). The bridge, built in 1967, cleared the water level by 64 feet; the deck surface and pavement were considerably higher.

Reports say that people may be trapped in the water. Further, “many voids may contain survivors, but we cannot search those voids until it’s safe,” said Jim Clack, Minneapolis Fire Chief, during a press conference.

“One has died from drowning,” said a doctor from the medical center during an 8:00 pm press conference, who also said that so far 22 are in “yellow condition” and at least six are in “critical condition.”

Minneapolis officials have stated during an earlier press conference that “people are being sent downtown and all survivors are off the bridge. We are seeking help from the Red Cross.” and “[…]at least 60 children are receiving trauma care some with severe injures, some with minor injuries.”

Most of the injured have been received by Hennepin County Medical Center in downtown Minneapolis for medical treatment. Area hospitals are requesting all off duty staff and all Minneapolis ambulances to report. Residents are being encouraged to stay away from the area to let emergency crews do their work.

It is not known what caused the collapse, but there was construction being performed on the bridge’s road surface which included the use of jackhammers and the FBI has ruled out terrorism.

“Although it is much too early to make any determination of the cause, we have no reason at this time to believe there is any nexus to terrorism,” said Paul McCabe, an FBI spokesman.

In 2001 a stress inspection was done and Minnesota Department of Transportation stated that the bridge “should not have any problems with fatigue cracking in the foreseeable future.”

Typically an eight-lane bridge, the bridge was reduced to four lanes (two in each direction) during the current construction. The Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT) had just announced overnight lane reductions on the bridge to one lane in each direction for the late evening hours of July 31 and August 1.

Rumala Sahibs For Guru Granth Sahib Hand Embroidered Rumala Sahib}

Posted on December 8, 2017December 8, 2017Categories Crafts

Rumala Sahibs for Guru Granth Sahib – Hand Embroidered Rumala Sahib

by

Jaspinder Grover

A New Online Rumala Sahib Store has been launched by B.Jawahar Singh Kirpal Singh Co . The Endeavour is to make available Rumala Sahibs of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji available to any sikh residing in any part of the world . There are millions of sikhs residing in different parts of the world who have installed Guru Granth Sahib Ji in their homes . So they need New Rumala Sahibs for Guru Granth Sahib ji from time to time , specially on sangrands and Gurpurabs . To fulfill this need a new webstore has been launched where one can find Rumala Sahibs of different colours , Sizes and Types .

[youtube]http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGU9dUCuAA8[/youtube]

Also Rumala Sahibs of particular sizes can be made on Order .

This great service to the sikh community is being widely appreciated by Sikhs residing in all parts of the world . The company has just made a humble beginning and with the support of fellow Sikhs around the world they dream to take Rumala Sahibs to every sikh in every part of the world .

The Rumala Sahib Store can be accessed online at : http://www.jsks.co.in/rumaale.htm

About The Company :

We manufacture and supply Rumala Sahibs of different Varieties , Colours , Designs , Hand Embroidered , Machine Embroidered , Silk Rumalas , Velvet Rumalas , Shaneel Rumalas , Printed Rumalas etc to all parts of the world . We have a large variety of Rumala Sahibs of all sizes and also make Rumala Sahibs of particular sizes for Gurdwaras and for individuals on order . Buy Rumala Sahib – Hand Embroidered Rumala Sahib

Buy Rumala Sahib – Machine Embroidered Rumala Sahib

Article Source:

eArticlesOnline.com

}

Gunman killed outside Colorado governor’s office

Posted on December 8, 2017December 8, 2017Categories Uncategorized

Tuesday, July 17, 2007

A man identified as Aaron Richard Snyder showed up on Monday around 2:25 p.m. outside the Colorado Capitol offices of Governor Bill Ritter. He was carrying a 357-caliber 7 shot Smith and Wesson revolver with 20 extra rounds of ammunition and started screaming “I am the emperor” and “I am here to take over the state”.

When he was confronted by a Colorado State trooper, Snyder opened his jacket showing that he was carrying a gun. The trooper ordered Snyder to drop the gun, but instead he moved “menancingly” in the direction of the trooper who then shot him once in the head and twice in the chest.

Snyder died from the multiple gunshot wounds on the floor of the Capitol office building. The Capitol went on a full lockdown with employees, tour groups and visitors in the building at the time ordered to stay where they were.

Governor Ritter was interviewing a judge candidate in his office at the time of the shooting. He held a press conference on the Capitol step two hours later.

Mr. Snyder was under doctors care for delusional behavior. The Northglenn, Colorado police issued a BOL “Be On the Lookout” to all law enforcement agencies in Colorado for Snyder and his car, a 2004 black Kia, around 25 minutes before the shooting occurred.